The only two lands left to be conquered in order for unification to be complete were Venetia still under Austria's rule and Rome under the Pope and secured by France. . He occupied the Papal States, accepting with equanimity the excommunication imposed upon him by Pope Pius IX, and he met Garibaldi in Naples. Garibaldi conquered the Kingdom of Two Sicilies (1860) with his "thousand" volunteers. At odds over religious policy, the king and his prime minister Count Cavour (Camillo Benso, 18101861) found common ground on foreign affairs, agreeing to join France and England against Russia in the Crimean War (4 March 1855). The new Kingdom was a constitutional one. Thus, the responsibility of uniting Italian states was now on King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont. Subsequent events proved that in this instance Victor Emmanuel was right and Cavour wrong. 2. The Chief Minister of Italy, Cavour led the movement to unify the regions of Italy. In 1860, Tuscany, Modena, Parma and Romagna decided to side with Sardinia-Piedmont, and Victor Emmanuel then marched victoriously in the Marche and Umbria after the victorious Battle of Castelfidardo over the Papal forces. And he turned defeat into victory. ." Whereas Mazzini might have had the fervor, the next man with the real political power and acumen to unify Italy was Camillo Benso di Cavour, prime minister of the most powerful independent Italian state in the early 19th century: Sardinia. However, the king halted Garibaldi when he appeared ready to attack Rome, still under the Papal States, as it was under French protection. We have discussed the revolts that shocked the European countries in the 1850s. "Victor Emmanuel II He was conceived in 1820 and kicked the bucket in 1878. ." Garibaldi. Encyclopedia.com. . Encyclopedia.com. How did Pachacutis three uses of farmland s The acquisition of Rome in 1870 was the final phase of the unification movement or Risorgimento. This turned out to be a wise choice, since Cavour was a political mastermind and a major player in the Italian unification in his own right. Pius IX, now under the influence of the reactionary Giacomo Cardinal Antonelli, refused to grant any reforms in Rome. So, he established a society, Giovane Italia- Young Italy- with the aim of an Italian Republic. (a) strong devotion for one's own country and its history and culture. Victor Emmanuel II was crowned King of Italy on March 17, 1861, although he had no power over Venetia or the significantly diminished Papal States. The growth of the Government's roles is also represented by the expansion of its regulatory powers through decree-laws, subject to ratification by the Houses of Parliament, and legislative decrees, adopted after a law delegated by Parliament. . In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of a new Italy that was far from complete. On 18 February 1861, he assumed the title King of Italy to become the first king of a united Italy, a title he held until his death in 1878. Naval Mutiny 1946: When Military Rebelled! Lord Ripon (1880-1884): The Liberal Viceroy! https://www.facebook.com/glimpsesofhistory/, https://www.instagram.com/priyanshijajoo/, Indian Independence Act 1947: Azaad Bharat! . [4], In 1842 he married his paternal aunt's daughter Adelaide of Austria (18221855). . Due to the contribution of troops sent by Cavour Britain and France won. Complete solution: The King of Italy who completed the unification of Italy was King Victor Emmanuel II. (4 points) aAdults, not children, should be baptized. The genesis of the Kingdom was a result of the unification of Italy, which the Kingdom of Sardinia played a major role in creating. How do you calculate the ideal gas law constant? d. mass, Il caso di coscienza del risorgimento italiano dalle origini alla Conciliazione (Rome 1961). . Mazzini. Cavours dynamism alarmed conservatives and even dAzeglio. "Victor Emmanuel II The Austrians were defeated by the French and Piedmontese at Magenta and Solferino, and thus relinquished Lombardy. CRISPI, FRANCESCO Sailor by profession, he joined the secret society, 'Young Italy'. He was buried in the Pantheon. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel gave up the title of King of Sardinia and took the title of King of f Italy. In 1860, the Bourbon army in the southern states of Italy was overthrown by Giuseppe Garibaldi's army. bIt gave people the right to own Bibles. A. Italian nationalists established Carbonari i.e. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Parliament rejected the armistice, and the new king dissolved it (29 March 1849) and called new elections only to see the voters reaffirm democratic control. Explanation: While the key leaders to the Unification of Italy were: Cavour, Garibaldi and Mazzini, Victor Emanuel played the role of an enabler as the King of the Kingdom of Savoy and a center point for agitators to unify around. Which theory do you agree with about the purpose of the ruins at Great Zimbabwe? Then, Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered Sicily and Naples, and Sardinia-Piedmont grew even larger. Venice under Austrians. War was declared by Austria in April 1859, and at first the course of events favored the Piedmontese and French forces. However, it experienced limited democracy and prosperity, and its divisions remained. Volunteers poured in and they marched enthusiastically. He entered Rome on 20 September 1870 and set up the new capital there on 2 July 1871. Certainly during the mid-19th century Italy was united. The result of all this was that Victor Emmanuel of Piedmont became King of Italy in 1861. King aided him secretly. On September 18, Garibaldi gave up command of his army and shook hands with Victor Emanuel II, signifying the unity and formation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Born in Turin as the eldest son of Charles Albert, Prince of Carignano, and Maria Theresa of Austria, he fought in the First Italian War of Independence (18481849) before being made King of Piedmont-Sardinia following his father's abdication. Mazzini faced complete isolation for his support of an expedition to the southern mainland to incite insurrection, known as the Sapri expedition (JuneJuly 1857), in which the Neapolitan republican and socialist Carlo Pisacane and some 300 companions lost their lives. His public life began when his father, Charles Albert, defeated by the Austrians at Novara, abdicated in his favor (March 23, 1849). Giuseppe Garibaldi has been one of the most celebrated of all Italian freedom fighters. Louis-Philippe had promised revolutionaries such as Ciro Menotti that he would intervene if Austria tried to interfere in Italy with troops. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. "[3] In 1870, after two failed attempts by Garibaldi, he also took advantage of the Prussian victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War to capture Rome after the French withdrew. Name a FEMALE Native American inventor (iii) Finally in 1871, Rome was liberated . The statement that about Victor Emmanuel II is correct C, he was a cunning prime minister who played a major role in the unification of Italy. . Venice remained under Austrian rule until Prussia's victory at the Battle of Sadowa in 1866. DAzeglio introduced the Siccardi law, which curtailed the power of ecclesiastical courts. (4 points) aDemocracy bFederalist cMonarchy dRepublic. As a result, Piedmont was able to assume a place among the victors at the Congress of Paris (February 1856). B James Madison 3. Only in Piedmont was there any hope left for the reformers. Why did Christianity serve as a unifying factor for the peopl So, Cavour took advantage of Garibaldis successes. Now Cavour intrigued with France. The son of Charles Albert, Prince of Savoy-Carignano, Victor Emmanuel was born at Turin on March 14, 1820. https://www.instagram.com/priyanshijajoo/, Phases of American Revolution and Philadelphia Convention, The industrialization of the United States of America, France under the Bourbon Dynasty in Seventeenth & Eighteenth Century, French Revolution: Political Deadlock to Estates General, France: Fall of Bastille to New Constitution, France: Pillnitz Declaration to Reign of Terror, Son of Revolution: Napoleon and His Italian Expedition, Napoleon: Egyptian Expedition and Reforms, Italian Unification: Role of Mazzini, Garibaldi and Cavour, Germany Unification: Bismarck and His Blood and Iron Policy, The Rise of Capitalism, Nationalism, Socialism, and Imperialism, Reasons and Background of the Russian Revolution, Russian Revolution: November Revolution of 1917, Italy: Rise of Fascism and Role of Mussolini, Cold War: North Vietnam v/s South Vietnam, European Imperialism: Chinese Revolution Preface, Contemporary Issue: West Asian Country Iran, Syrian Crisis: Worlds Most Severe Refugee Crisis, Vedic Period: Society, Polity, and Economy, Ancient Buddhist Literature and Significance, Jainism: A Religious Movement of 6th Century BCE, Great Kings and Administration of Mauryan Empire, Vesara and Hoysala Style of Temple Architecture, The Reign of Pala, Pratihara, and Rashtrakuta Rulers, The arrival of Arabs to Indian Subcontinent, Delhi Sultanate: Slave Dynasty (1206-1290 CE), Delhi Sultanate: Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320), Delhi Sultanate: Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1412 CE), Sur Dynasty: Sher Shah Suri (1540-1545 CE), Mughal Empire: Reign of Akbar (1556-1605 CE), Aurangzeb and Decline of the Mughal Empire, Monghyr Convention and the Battle of Buxar, Robert Clive and Dual Government (1765-1772 CE), First Governor-General of Bengal: Warren Hastings, Governor-General of Bengal: Cornwallis (1785-1793), First Governor-General of India: William Bentinck, Birth of Organized Nationalism v/s Lord Lytton. !. This was an exception to the general course of reaction. He did so on August 6,1849. 22 Feb. 2023 . It remained for over 700 years the de facto extension of the capital of the Roman Republic and Empire. Victor Emmanuel was born as the eldest son of Carlo Alberto Prince of Carignano, and Maria Theresa of Austria. Italy had the opportunity to annex Venetia in 1866, thanks to the growing hostility between Austria and Prussia over the German Question. My opinion is while history will see him as a King that plaid in the unification, I see him as a selfish Monarch that will do whatever it take to expand his domain. Second, he would negotiate a secret deal with Napoleon III to aid in the war with Austria. (February 22, 2023). The bravest and best of the youth of Rome gave their lives in defense of the Republic. Italian Unification - Overview Before beginning to judge biases and prejudices in various articles in encyclopedias coming from different decades and nations, it is important to have a standard of judgment, drawn not from a primary source but a secondary source. The king dissolved the Chamber again and appealed to the people to return a more favorable majority with the Proclamation of Moncalieri, 20 November 1849. (d) equally strong devotion for all the . Italian troops are able to invade Rome and completed Italy's unification under KING VICTOR EMMANUEL II. Explanation: Piedmont received Lombardy from Austria. World Encyclopedia. Although not victorious in the Italian theater, he managed anyway to receive Veneto after the Austrian defeat in Germany. What does Swahili mean? For example it was Victor Emanuel who accepted the results of the armistice of Villafranca, concluded in early July between France and Austria without consultation with Sardinia to the chagrin of Camillo Cavour. What is simony? His stubborn insistence that amnesty be granted to all Lombards who had engaged in the revolt against their Austrian rulers was rewarded, and his refusal to yield on this pointalong with the sacrifices made in order to retain the constitutioncaused him to become a hero in the eyes of all Italians. They often marched singing Garibaldis hymn. Victor Emmanuel II (1820-1878) was king of Sardinia from 1849 to 1861 and then the first king of Italy until 1878. . In the luckless campaign that followed he proved a brave soldier but an indifferent general. global history 2. B. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. He was a Prussian chancellor who played a major role in the unification of Germany. . The new king was immediately confronted with a most difficult and important decision. Then he formed a committee of three- Triumvirs. "Victor Emmanuel II So, Rome became the capital. George Meredith, the English poet, and novelist wrote many years afterward: Who blew the breath of life into her frame: Cavour, Mazzini, Garibaldi: three: Her Brain, her Soul, her Sword; and set her free from ruinous discords, with one lustrous aim. . Of his other sons . After the Kingdom of Italy was established he decided to continue on as King Victor Emmanuel II instead of Victor Emmanuel I of Italy. The exact nature of Victor Emmanuel's role in the events leading to unification remains the subject of debate. In 1866, the Third Italian War of Independence allowed Italy to annex Veneto. Although Victor Emmanuel did not always agree with him, he recognized that Cavour's plan helped to strengthen the monarchy and to transform Piedmont-Sardinia into a modern state. The first stone was laid by Umberto I, the son of Victor Emmanuel II in 1885. King Victor Emmanuel II - served as the first leader of Italy following unification. Corrections? The continuous dialogue between past and present. Victor Emmanuel became the new country's first king. They requested annexation to Piedmont-Sardinia, and with the encouragement of England and the sanction of plebiscites, Victor Emmanuel agreed. Encyclopedia of Modern Europe: Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. Victor Emmanuel agreed to cede Savoy and Nice to France and to marry his daughter Clothier to Napoleon's cousin if France joined Sardinia in war against Austria. , n 2 (4 points)Desiderius Erasmus worked to (4 points) ahelp Catholics and Protestants work together bhide the mistakes of Protestant leaders cpay the Catholic Church for indulgences dremove classical influence from the ChurchQuestion 3 (4 points)What did the Anabaptists believe? Rome was still under French troops. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Following Victor Emmanuel's advice, Cavour joined Britain and France in the Crimean War against Russia. ." The second victory of Emmanuel overcame the popes of France and liberated the southern area and completed the unification of Italy, and the Emperor of unified Italy was proclaimed. Work building the memorial began in 1878 following Victor Emmanuel II's death and the unification of Italy. Victor Emmanuel agreed in turn to cede Nice and Savoy to France and to marry his daughter Clotilde to the emperor's cousin, Prince Napoleon (alliance signed 24 January 1859). Vittorio Emanuele (6 July 1852 6 July 1852). Garibaldi's startling success in Sicily and his subsequent victories on the mainland raised the hopes of Italian liberals and made Victor Emmanuel's ultimate success easier. Aided by his famous Prime Minister, Camillo Benso Conte di Cavour (1810 - 1861), the king was able to maintain the right distance between the various Risorgimento proposals: in the end, the monarchist route to unification prevailed, linked to the Savoy dynasty, the King of Sardinia and . . Thus, a simple, and as objective as possible, overview of Italy on its way to . He succeeded his father, Charles Albert (r. 18311849), who abdicated after the Austrians defeated Piedmontese forces at the Battle of Novara in 1849. But the victorious powers divided these states in accordance to their will. prime minister He was the king of Prussia who became the kaiser of a united Germany. 4. The seizure of the States of the Church, completed in 1870, resulted in the King's excommunication. Garibaldi was a soldier with a genius guerilla warfare. Encyclopedia.com. What does the quote by Father Cobo tell you about Topa Inca? But after the defeat of Napoleon in the Battle of Waterloo, these unified states reverted to their previous state. Victor Emanuel II lived from 1820-1878. His success at these goals led him to be excommunicated from the Catholic Church until 1878, when it was lifted just before his death. The pope still held Rome and was under the protection of Louis-Napoleon. His father succeeded a distant cousin as King of Sardinia-Piedmont in 1831. The objective of these secret societies was to overthrow the rulers. In 1934, at Piedmont, he participated in the Republican Uprising. (b) strong devotion for one's own country without appreciation for other nations. In 1869 he married morganatically his principal mistress Rosa Vercellana (3 June 1833 26 December 1885). Two areas remained outside the new Italian nation: Rome and Venetia. A readable and thorough account of Victor Emmanuel's role in the unification of Italy is contained in Bolton King, A History of Italian Unity (2 vols., 1899; new ed. Garibaldi had won this kingdom and handed it over to King Victor Emmanuel II. He held the Austrians and defeated the Neapolitan armies. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . His role in day-to-day governing gradually dwindled, as it became increasingly apparent that a king could no longer keep a government in office against the will of Parliament. . Brief notes on Role of Mazzini in Italian Unification and Stages of Italian Unification(1848-70). jlwyates Teacher. The failure of revolutionary uprisings both in 1831 and 1848 meant that the mantle now fell on Sardinia-Piedmont under its ruler King Victor Emmanuel II to unify the Italian states through war. 32 terms. Turin became the capital of the new state. Another series of plebiscites in the occupied lands resulted in the proclamation of Victor Emmanuel as the first King of Italy by the new Parliament of unified Italy, on 17 March 1861. parliament to bring it in line with his more moderate views. Napoleon III met with Cavour (July 2021) and agreed to support Piedmont's effort to expel Austria from northern Italy. Match each leader with the role he played in uniting Italy. The irony Italy is now a republic 15271 views c. How might life in East Africa have been different if the people there had not accepted the presence of Muslim traders? At last, Italy was a united nation. Encyclopedia.com. He was a Prussian chancellor who played a major role in the unification of Germany. dIt stopped leaders from selling indulgences.Question 5 (4 points)Which of the following is a result of the Protestant Reformation? When he was dying, Pius IX released him from all canonical censures, permitted him to receive the Last Rites, and imparted to him his blessing. This turned out to be a wise choice, since Cavour was a political mastermind and a major player in the Italian unification in his own right. He played the key figure head, for Italian Nationalist to unify around regardless of their political position - Monarchist, Republicans etc. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Victor Emmanuel II Ascending the throne on his father's abdication, he consolidated his position by suppressing the republican left and paying an indemnity to Austria, which brought him considerable opprobrium in Italy. Encyclopedia.com. Garibaldi also handed Sicily and Napoli to Victor Emmanuel in Teano. Emanuele Alberto Guerrieri (16 March 1851 24 December 1894), Count of Mirafiori and Fontanafredda, married and had issue. The base of the boot symbolizes the Kingdom of the Two Sicilians, which lay in the southernmost part of the Italian peninsula. Indian National Congress: Safety Valve Theory! Portrait of King Victor Emmanuel II , prime minister Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour and General Alfonso La Marmora , Italian protagonists of the Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy. ." In November 1852 he made the momentous decision to turn the government over to the able, determined Count Cavour, whose skillful manoeuvres over the next few years made him king of Italy. This was a diplomatic victory of Cavour. The attempt of the Italian Felice Orsini (18191858) on Emperor Napoleon III's life (14 January 1858) opened a critical sequence of events. Because parliamentary factionalism weakened cabinets, his authority to appoint ministers drew him into internal politics as well. . He persuaded the republican and Mazzinian Garibaldi to support the monarchic cause. He died in Rome in 1878, and was buried in the Pantheon. While the key leaders to the Unification of Italy were: Cavour, Garibaldi and Mazzini, Victor Emanuel played the role of an enabler as the King of the Kingdom of Savoy and a center point for agitators to unify around. In the same year Victor Emmanuel appointed Camillo di Cavour to the office of minister of agriculture. Their offspring were: In addition to his morganatic second wife, Victor Emmanuel II had several other mistresses: 1) Laura Bon at Stupinigi, who bore him one daughter: 2) Baroness Vittoria Duplesis who bore him another daughter: 3) Unknown mistress at Mondov, In 1852, he appointed Count Camillo Benso of Cavour ("Count Cavour") as Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia. At first much opposed to Cavour's ecclesiastical laws, the King signed them when convinced that they constituted an essential part of Cavour's economic and political reforms. He wanted to make Victor Emmanuel as the King of Italy. After gaining his throne his goal was to make peace with Austria. Soon there emerged an extraordinary young man who came to be known as the leader of the movement for freedom. But the freedom would have been long in coming. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Victor-Emmanuel-II, Ohio University - Biography of Victor Emmanuel II, How Stuff Works - History - Biography of Victor Emmanuel II. The role of Piedmont Victor Emmanuel II In Piedmont Victor Emmanuel II governed with a parliament whose democratic majority refused to ratify the peace treaty with Austria. around the world. 1871) . With her, he had eight children:[5]. Napoleon was a French statesman and military leader who came to power in France. In the first stage a primary role was played by Giuseppe Mazzini. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. His political philosophy, which he called fascism, was based on the, Menelik II Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images A Thomas Jefferson Victor Emmanuel II was the King of Piedmont and first ruler of the Kingdom of Italy. How does Charle's law relate to breathing? He introduced many reforms in the areas under his control. A. World Encyclopedia. He had also formed a secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals. This cartoon signifies the unification of Italy and Garibaldi's role in it. Victor Emmanuel died 9 January 1878 and was buried in the Pantheon in Rome. . Victor Emanuel, Cavour, and the Risorgimento. Its origins can be traced to the intellectual ferme, Mussolini, Benito In 1852, through an alliance with centre-left deputies that became known as the connubio (marriage), Cavour displaced dAzeglio as head of the cabinet. Quiz. However, it experienced limited democracy and prosperity, and its divisions remained. [2], He became King of Sardinia-Piedmont in 1849 when his father abdicated the throne, after being defeated by the Austrians at the Battle of Novara. Giuseppe Garibaldi, an Italian soldier. Time and diplomacy won for the King what continued fighting without the aid of France might have lost irrevocably. Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia; 11 November 1869 - 28 December 1947) was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. Carlo Alberto (2 June 1851 28 June 1854). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. She had issue. Victor Emmanuel, however, was convinced of the rewards to be gained from the alliance created with Britain and, more importantly, France. 24 terms. What hardships did African slaves endure on the Middle Passage? During his reign of nearly 46 years, which began after the assassination of his father Umberto I, the Kingdom of . The occupation of Rome as the national capital so antagonized Pius IX that he refused all overtures toward reconciliation, and no meeting ever took place between the two sovereigns; nevertheless, on Victor Emmanuels death in 1878 Pius permitted his burial in the Pantheon. bThe Catholic Church no longer controlled Europe. Medal of the Liberation of Rome (18491870), This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 20:14. His actions helped reduce the opposition of republicans to monarchy and of the South to unification under the North. On April 12, 1842, 22-year-old Victor Emmanuel II of Italy married his 19-year-old first cousin Adelaide of Austria. Despite disagreements with the king (who favoured the clerical party and occasionally displayed absolutist tendencies), Cavour introduced various ecclesiastical, judicial, and fiscal reforms. The Unification of Italy (1 1848 . Shortly afterward, southern Italy voted to approve the move, and in 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was crowned king of Italy. This was all about the Italian Unification. An excellent recent study of the period is Edgar Holt, The Making of Italy, 1815-1870 (1971). He was born on 14th March 1820 and died on 18 January 1878. Following Cavours death in 1861, Victor Emmanuel played a more direct role in government and despite setbacks achieved two notable triumphs: the acquisition of Venetia through war on the side of Bismarcks Prussia in 1866, and of Rome after the withdrawal of the French garrison in 1870. II. His eldest son, Humbert I, assumed the title of King of Italy. mia_gagliardi14. The peace treaty with the Austrians was ratified in January 1850. Q 4 - 'Nationalism', which emerged as a force in the late 19th century, means. Menelik II You fought for an Italy free of kings. (4 points) aIt changed its ideas on baptizing adults. D. He was the fiery ruler of Sardinia who became king of united Italy and declared Rome its capital. Cite the date their invention(s At the decisive battles of Magenta and Solferino, he commanded the Piedmontese corps in person, and following the armistice of Villafranca, he exercised a valuable restraint on Cavour, who wanted to continue the war alone. B. - Most important intervention by Victor Emmanuel II was his refusal of Cavour to continue the Austro-Franco War (1859) - Continuation of war would have meant loss for Piedmont without the support of the French and the end of Unification Ascending the throne on his fathers abdication, he consolidated his position by suppressing the republican left and paying an indemnity to Austria, which brought him considerable opprobrium in Italy. But we will conquer the die. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. 1. Victor Emmanuel II soon became the . The Pope, who had lost the last vestiges of his temporal power although the Vatican and his freedom were guaranteed to him, refused to recognize the new kingdom, and Victor Emmanuel died on Jan. 9, 1878, unreconciled to the Church. New Haven, Conn., 1989. Donato Etna (18581938) who became a soldier during the First World War. Soon Garibaldi and his troops landed in Sicily. it led the unification of Italy in 1861 and ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 until 1946 and . In the next coming post, we will discuss German Unification. Benito Mussolini ruled as dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943. He worked to free Italy from foreign control and became a central figure of the movement for Italian unification. When he refused Austrian demands for a revocation of the liberal constitution granted by Charles Albert in 1848, his courage and determination were acclaimed throughout Italy and won him the soubriquet of "re galantuomo" (honest king). He was one of the most important people among Italian Freedom fighters. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/victor-emmanuel-ii. Vittorio Emanuele (18 January 1855 17 May 1855), Count of. Victor Emmanuel II (1820-1878) was king of Sardinia from 1849 to 1861 and then the first king of Italy until 1878. C. He was a cunning prime minister who played a major role in the unification of Italy. However, the unification turned out successful only after it was embraced by one of the Italian states, Piedmont-Sardinia,. On Oct. 29, 1860, Garibaldi formally surrendered his conquests to Victor Emmanuel, and on Feb. 18, 1861, Parliament proclaimed him king of Italy. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Central figure of the unification of Germany Fontanafredda, married and had issue Italy unification. 24 December 1894 ), this page was last edited on 28 February 2023, Piedmont! 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